Rome pt.4

-5000 soldiers, not in itfor pay (not yet)
-the roman army's elite heavy infantry

-recruited exclusively from roman citizen

-group of 80 is a century

-on horseback is cavalry
-shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

-The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)

-rome vs. Carthage

-3 wars 

First Punic War:

-naval battles from control of the strategically located island of Sicily

-rome wins 

Second Punic War (218-201 BCE):

-29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome

-attacks Rome from the north after crossing Iberia (spain) and the Alps

-lays siege to much  of the peninsula for 15 years, but he can never get to Rome

-third and final Punic war (149-146)

-Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage permanently 

-Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city

-Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed

-when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city  were sold into slavery

-the rest of Carthage's territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa

slaves poured into Italy:

-by the end of the second century BCE there were over a million slaves in Italy

-small farmers lost their land to aristocrats if they couldn't pay off their debts, sometimes because --the men of the farm were fighting battles

-slaves did the work on the farms for the rich

-the big farms became massive estates called latifundia