Ellie's Human Geography 2017

Jesus of Nazareth:  born between 604 b.c.  born in Bethlehem of Judea  he was raised in Nazareth  baptized by John the baptist He was a carpenter He 30 years old when he started his public ministry  A growing movement: Source-gospel Written by 12 apostles He went town to town and attracted big crowds Was crucified in ad 29 Christianity spreads through the Empire: first followers where jews create new religion based on teachings Paul huge influence he was a converted christian (vision/blinded) Pax Romana ideal conditions to spread Christianity  Paul wrote epistles anyone was welcome Jewish Rebellion: AD 66 jews rebelled against Rome AD 70 romans stormed Jerusalem and destroyed the temple 500,000 jews were killed another attempt break free AD 132 another half a million jews were killed in the next 3 years Persecution of Christians: refused worship of roman gods Romans began to imprison, exile, and execute christians  The Pax R

Today we took an open blog test it made me VERYYYYY happy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Caesar Reforms:  -Granted citizenship to people in provinces -expanded the senate and added his friends -created jobs for the poor, especially the republic work projects -increase pay for soldiers  -started colonies were those without land could own property  Assassination:  -Why? The senators saw Caesars rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability. -How? They lured him into the senate hall stabbed him 23 times, and they were all involved in it. -Who? Senators and Brutus, who was Caesars ally. -The senators were not punished -Octavian was named Julius Caesars sole heir. -This was THE END OF THE REPUBLIC Octavians Reign: -Julius Caesars grand nephew and adopted son: Octavian takes over at the age of 18 -Makes the second triumvirate -Mark Antony is an experienced general -Lepidus is a powerful politician -Octavian forces Lepidus to retire -Octavian and Mark Antony become rivals -Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt (

Etruscans came from north-central part of the peninsula metalworkers, artists, architects two foundation myths: Virgil’s Aeneid (where Aeneas escapes from Troy - sound familiar?) the story of Remus and Romulus Greeks they had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea Romans borrowed ideas from them, such as: religious beliefs alphabet much of their art military techniques and weaponry the Latins! descendants of Indo-Europeans settled on the banks of the Tiber situated so trading ships - but not war fleets - could navigate as far as Rome, but no further a commercial port, but not susceptible to attack and... built on seven hills (esp. Palatine) many streams flowed into the Tiber there was a marshy area called the Forum,  between Palatine and Capitoline Hills Tarquin the Proud’s grandfather built the Cloaca Maxima (largest ancient drain), which channeled water into the Tiber urban legend says Washington DC was built on a swamp - but only abo

  - The poet Juvenal said Rome "anxiously hopes for two things: bread and circuses" - Bread (free grain from the state) and entertainment (circus Maximus, Colosseum), partly to keep them alive,  and partly to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile A Change in Rule - Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians (even though he was ultimately unsuccessful).   Military generals worked that angle - lead an army that conquers a land, then give them a share in the spoils - Soldiers' loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic No one did that better than Caesar: - Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) (test question) - A highly successful general - He conquered the huge territory of Gaul He could play the game (of politics):  Made common folks happy  Made friends in high places  Pompey (a general who conquered Syria and Palestine)  Crassus (the richest man in Rome, one of the richest men in all history)  These three

-5000 soldiers, not in itfor pay (not yet) -the roman army's elite heavy infantry -recruited exclusively from roman citizen -group of 80 is a century -on horseback is cavalry -shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic -The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) -rome vs.  Carthage -3 wars   First Punic War: -naval battles from control of the strategically located island of Sicily -rome wins  Second Punic War (218-201 BCE): -29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome -attacks Rome from the north after crossing Iberia (spain) and the Alps -lays siege to much  of the peninsula for 15 years, but he can never get to Rome -third and final Punic war (149-146) -Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of  Carthage permanently  -Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city -Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed -when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in

Twelve tables: publicly displayed- gave rights to plebians-not just aristocrats- only protected free-born male citizens Bill of Rights first 10 amendments to the constituation free speech/press/religion bear arms no unjust or harsh punishments

Democracy- peoples assembly and the tribunes (plebeians) Aristocracy-the senate, with approx 300 members (patricians) Monarchy- the consuls Us vs. Rome 3 branches: Executive Legislative Judicial Executive: Rome: two consuls, one year terms, had veto power, controlled military, appoint dictator in emergenc USA:president (vp), 4 year terms, can veto proposed laws, commander-in-cheif of the military Legislative: Rome:Senate (300 members), member for life, assemblies 193 members USA: senate 100 members, 6 yr terms, House of Representatives, 435 members, 2 year terms Judicial: Rome:Praetor, chosen by centurial assembly, 1 year terms USA: supreme court, 9 members, life time members, appointed by President, confirmed by senate

"Power Couple"- The people shock at this horrible family and their terrible behavior made them never want to be subject to rule of kings--EVER again-- this was an attitude that lasted for centuries. -3 government --> 1 government -Rule of kinds is replaced by two CONSULS -Term of office:one year -Always aristocrats (patricians) -Patricians traced decedents from famous ancestors -Duties:dealing with justice, making laws, and commanding army's -one council could veto the others Fifth Century BCE-partrician dominance of the government was challenged by the plebeians. -Plebeians were 98% of the population How did the patricians dominate? -Plebians had to serve in the army and couldn't hold office. -threatened with the debt of slavery -no legal rights -"No Legal Rights" -Plebeian victims of discriminatory decisions in judicial trials -Rome had not actual laws, just unwritten customs -interpret these to there own advantage -Refused to Ser

Who settled in Rome? Etruscans. came from north central part of the peninsula, metal workers, artists, and architects Two foundation myths:Virgils Aeneid - where Aeneas escapes Troy and the story of Remus and Romulus Greeks :they had many colonies around the Mediterreanean Sea ,romans borrowed ideas from them such as: religious beliefs, alphabet, much of their art,military techniques and weaponry  Latins: descendants of the Indo-Europeans,settled on the banks of the Tiber River, situated so trading ships could navigate as a far as Rome, a commercial part, but not susceptible to attacks, it was built on the seven hills, especially Palatine.  Many streams flowed into the Tiber River there as a marshy area called the Forum this was between Palatine and Capitaline. Tarquin the Proud's grandfather built the Cloaca Maxima (largest ancient drain)  this channeled water into the Tiber River

Today in class we reviewed our test and went over it.  Kelsey gave a little presentation on questions she didn't agree with.  The class was only 35 minutes long. Not much to say about it.

Orgins of Rome: Rome was founded in 753 b.c. It was founded by Romulus and Remus twins of the god mars and a Latin princess.  Found abandon on the side of the Tigris River and were raised by a she-wolf.  They decided to build a city on the spot.  Rome was built in a curvy land between the Alps and Italy's Southern tip. The First Romans: From 1,000 to 500 b.c. three groups lived and battled" Greek, Latin, and Etruscan.    Latin was the first to build: They built wooden huts in clusters on one of Rome's seven hills.  Between 750 and 600 b.c. the greeks established colonies along Italy.  The Etruscans were natives to northern Italy and were skilled metal workers and engineers. Early Republic: Around 600 b.c. a Eurates became king of Rome,, Rome grew and to a collection of villages that covered of villages that covered 500 square miles.  The last king of Rome was Tarquin the proud.  He was driven from power in 509 b.c.  They established a republic, voting rights were givin

Power and Authority:Rome began as a republic a government in which elected officials represents the people. Eventually absolute rulers called empire. Empire Building:At its height the Roman Empire touched 3 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa) For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity before it eventually collapsed. Religious and Ethical Legal Systems: Out of Judea rose a monotheistic religion known as Christianity   based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.